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Established in 1789 in Article I of the Episcopal Church’s Canons, the General Convention is the bicameral legislature and chief policy making body of the Episcopal Church. It consists of a House of Bishops, which includes all active and retired bishops, and a House of Deputies, which includes up to four lay persons and four clergy from each diocese, each area mission, and the Convocation of the American Churches in Europe. It is the highest council of the Church that governs the American province of the Anglican Communion, including the United States, and several overseas dioceses in Central and South America.

The General Convention’s principal function, while meeting in session, is to consider legislation from bishops, deputies, the official Committees, Commissions, Agencies and Boards of General Convention (CCABs), and the dioceses and provinces. This polity and process bears much similarity to and draws its historical evolution from American governmental practice and democratic cultural traditions.

The General Field Services unit was established in 1965 as one of the five divisions of the Department of Christian Education. It acted as a consultation service to Episcopal dioceses, missionary districts, and other Church organizations, offering guidance regarding educational programs, training opportunities, and instructional materials. It also participated in educational research and development projects. The unit was discontinued in 1968 at the time of the total reorganization of the Executive Council and subsequent operational changes. In its four years of existence, its administrators were the Rev. Edward T. Atkins (1965-1966) and the Rev. Stanley Plattenburg (1967-1968).

The Girls' Friendly Society (GFS) was founded in England in 1875 as the Church’s response to the needs of girls who had left their homes behind to work in factories and mills, or as domestic servants. Recognizing the same needs in the United States and using the GFS as a model, Elizabeth Mason Edson founded the first Girls' Friendly Society in America (GFSA) branch at St. Ann's Church in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1877. Upon formation of the Massachusetts diocesan organization in 1879, a center for national activities was established.

In 1886 the Central Organization of the GFSA was formed, a constitution was adopted in 1893, and the GFSA was officially incorporated in 1895, at which time they also began making systematic reports to the General Convention of The Episcopal Church.

During the late 1800s, the GFSA established homes and centers for young working women and provided employment and housing assistance to immigrant women arriving in America. Between 1900 and 1920, they sought protective legislation for girls, worked for labor reform, and provided a number of war-related services. By 1914 there were over 46,000 members in 745 branches with 34 diocesan organizations.

Around 1929, GFSA reincorporated and changed its name to the Girls’ Friendly Society of the United States of America (GFS-USA). Ensuing years of activity included work with refugees and conferences on women in industry. In the 1950s, the GFS-USA opened its national office in New York City, became an official observer to the United Nations, and joined the newly created Girls’ Friendly Society World Council.

By 1964, after falling short of its fundraising goals, the GFS-USA began to make heavy cutbacks in programs at the national level. These reductions continued into 1966 when the GFS-USA decided to incorporate its mission with that of The Episcopal Church. As a result, in 1967, the Department of Christian Education of the Executive Council of the Episcopal Church took over responsibility for the national programs run by the GFS-USA. The diocesan and branch organizations continued to operate as before, but after the closing of the national office, many of them did not survive.

In the early 1980s, the GFS-USA reestablished its operation on a national level, however membership continued to decline. As of 2023, the GFS-USA oversees the few remaining local branches and is a member of GFS World.

The Guild of Scholars of the Episcopal Church (the Guild) emerged in 1939 when Robert Root, Norman Pittenger, Thomas S.K. Scott-Craig, and William Eddy agreed to call together like-minded Churchmen into an association of college and university contacts with the common goal of promoting the Christian faith and scholarship in institutions of higher learning. At the first conference, held in 1940 at Hobart College and attended by fifteen scholars representing eleven institutions, the decision was made to establish a formal association within The Episcopal Church.

After a second conference, also held in 1940, the group met in 1941 under the name of the Easter Conference of the Guild of Scholars. The current name was adopted in 1949, just a year before the Guild began to hold its annual meetings exclusively at the General Theological Seminary. While there were initially hopes that regional chapters would be formed as a nucleus of a national association of Episcopal teachers and scholars, by 1950 the Guild had relinquished the idea of an expanded association of local chapters in favor of a single national conference.

In 1966 Virginia Harrington of Barnard College was the first woman invited as a guest; she became a member in 1968. In the succeeding years other women were invited first as guests and eventually to membership. The membership was also extended later to those in the scientific, medical, and technical fields. Membership is limited to the laity, unless a member is ordained after being admitted, with the one exception being the honorary membership granted to one of the original founders, the Rev. Norman Pittenger. The Guild continues with members from a wide range of academic and creative disciplines meeting annually to share their work, although meeting locations now vary.

The Holy Spirit Mission Church for the Deaf was founded as a parochial mission in 1960 at St. Mark’s Episcopal Church in Berkeley, California and would later become a Diocesan mission. A profile of the church written in 1988 states that their mission is “to proclaim to Gospel among hearing impaired and deaf people and their families and to enable Christian ministry and community among hearing impaired and deaf individuals in a language understood by them”.

Roger Pickering, a deaf seminarian, became the first Vicar after his ordination in 1963. During his six-year tenure, he offered services in several different locations in the Bay area, provided pastoral care for hearing impaired persons all over California, and established a religious education program at the California School for the Deaf. After Pickering’s departure, services were reduced from once a week to once a month until 1983 when a full-time Vicar was hired. By 1987, lack of grant money for deaf ministry in the diocese forced the Mission into part-time status once again.

Little information is available regarding the status of the Mission past 1988, however records indicate that it was in operation until the early 2000's.

In October of 1942, National Council created the Home Department, which inherited the work of the pre-existing Department of Domestic Missions and combined that work with four other pre-existing divisions of the National Council: Christian Social Relations, Christian Education, College Work, and the Youth Division. In December of 1945 the Army and Navy Division was added, and in December of 1948 the Town and Country Work Division was created.

Because it oversaw the entire domestic missionary program of the Church, the work of the Home Department was wide-ranging. Ethnic ministries were led by secretaries for Native American, African American, and Japanese mission work. It also focused on providing financial support and competent clergy for African American and Native American parishes, which were often neglected or underfunded by their dioceses.

Rural work was carried out by the Town and Country Division until 1962, when the work was returned to the oversight of the newly-formed Division of Domestic Mission. The Army and Navy Division (later renamed the Armed Forces Division) primarily supported chaplains in the Armed Forces. Other domestic work included Braille books for the blind and support for clergy serving deaf Episcopalians. The Home Department also sent women workers out into the field in various capacities. In the 1960s, most of the department’s resources was directed towards urban ministries.

In 1968, a complete restructuring of Executive Council dissolved the Home Department. The work formerly grouped under the Home Department umbrella evolved into a series of “Program” groupings, under the direction of the Deputy for Program and the Presiding Bishop.

The House of Bishops (HoB) was established in 1789, four years after the election of The Episcopal Church’s first Bishop, Samuel Seabury. All bishops of The Episcopal Church, active or retired, make up the House of Bishops, with the Presiding Bishop as president. With nearly 300 active members, the HoB comprises half of the Church’s governing body. Eligible members include all diocesan and assisting bishops elected or canonically appointed from the dioceses, area missions, and special jurisdictions of the United States and nineteen other countries, including a number of churches in Europe, Latin America, Taiwan, and Haiti.

Along with the House of Deputies (the other governing body of The Episcopal Church), the HoB meets every three years to adopt legislation. Between conventions, they meet twice a year in a non-legislative capacity and, acting in their pastoral and teaching mode, may explore issues of theological, social or mission concern.

The House of Deputies met in General Convention in 1789 when the lay and clerical deputies established the order, governance, and first public statements of The Episcopal Church. The lay and clerical deputies elected Bishop William White its president, and among other early acts, provided for the keeping and publication of the journals and other papers of the Convention. The House of Deputies has been called the "senior house" for its early organization and its swift undertaking of the task of Church unity and oversight of the corporal affairs of the new body. It established what is today the oldest continuing body of The Episcopal Church, the State of the Church Committee, which annually implements the parochial and diocesan reports that render a reliable statistical profile of the population and health of The Episcopal Church. The House of Deputies operates between General Convention sessions through its special appointed bodies and the joint committees, commissions, boards and agencies. The ministry of the President and presiding officer of the House embodies the mutual ministry leadership of lay and clerical members of the Church in matters of governance, polity, and mission.

Integrity, Inc. was established in 1974 as a network of gay and lesbian Episcopalians, their families, and allies. Sparked by Louie Crew’s newsletter Integrity Forum, the first chapter formed in Chicago under James Wickliff, followed by the inaugural national convention in 1975 at the Cathedral of St. James, Chicago. Over time, the organization grew to over 70 chapters across the U.S. and Canada.

Integrity made a significant institutional impact at the Episcopal Church’s 1976 General Convention in Minneapolis, most notably contributing to the passage of resolution A069, affirming the full dignity and inclusion of homosexual persons. That same year, the Rev. Malcolm Boyd publicly came out during Integrity’s national convention in San Francisco. In 1977, Ellen Marie Barrett, a former co-president, was ordained by Bishop Paul Moore, Jr., marking a milestone in LGBTQ+ inclusion in the ordained priesthood.

Integrity fostered ecumenical relationships with organizations such as Dignity (Catholic), Lutherans Concerned, and the Metropolitan Community Church. Its national structure, driven largely by lay volunteers, coordinated local chapter activities and organized annual conventions. Advocacy efforts centered on influencing policy decisions at The Episcopal Church’s General Conventions. The Fund for Integrity, Inc., established in 1981, supported its mission financially. The organization formally dissolved in 2022.

The Joint Commission on Renewal was formed as the result of a call for Church renewal from the House of Bishops during its 1966 meeting. The group of 18 members was appointed by Presiding Bishop Hines in January 1967 and initially called the Committee to Develop a Council. Its task was to prepare a report for the House of Bishops meeting in September of that year.

The group presented a document that was frank in describing the immense difficulty of navigating the deep tensions in the Church, but that argued for the absolute necessity of continuing the work of renewal. The committee felt that the process of renewal would have to be developed ecumenically and requested the creation of a successor committee, which was approved by the 1967 General Convention. As a result, the Joint Commission on Renewal was formed, answerable not only to the House of Bishops but to the entire General Convention.

The Commission’s main task was to report to the Special General Convention in 1969. At that session, the Commission’s resolution declaring the Church’s readiness to participate ecumenically in a process of renewal was passed by both Houses. The Commission also set up a “gathering space” for attendees to participate in discussion after sessions in a casual setting, fostering openness and dialogue. At the 1970 General Convention in Houston, the Commission reported that its main task had been accomplished and, by its own recommendation, was dissolved.

At the 1937 General Convention, the Joint Commission on Revision of the Hymnal (JCRH) was formed and authorized to undertake a revision of The Hymnal 1916 with the goal of presenting its proposed changes to the General Convention in 1940 for approval. It was renewed in 1943, 1946, and 1949 to continue work on a companion handbook to The Hymnal 1940 that would contain authoritative information about the words, music, and authors of the hymns. After the publication of the companion book, the Joint Commission was discharged by the 1952 General Convention.

The Joint Nominating Committee for the Election of the Presiding Bishop, which first met in 1982, was chosen at that year’s General Convention, in accordance with Title I, Canon 2, Sections (b) and (c). The House of Deputies elected one clerical and one Lay Deputy from each Province and the House of Bishops elected one Bishop from each Province as members of the committee. The Joint Nominating Committee’s canonical mandate was the selection of no fewer than three members of the House of Bishops to be considered by General Convention for the position of Presiding Bishop.

This marked the first time when a Joint Nominating Committee was composed of elected members of both Houses. Previously, both bishops and deputies were appointed to the Nominating Committee by the presiding officers of their respective Houses.

Currently, the Committee elects members in person at the meeting of General Convention three years before the new presiding bishop is to be elected. The Committee is composed of 20 people. Five bishops were elected by the House of Bishops, and five clergy and five lay people were elected by the House of Deputies (Canon I.2.1.a). Two members between ages 16-21 were appointed by the president of the House of Deputies (Canon I.2.1.a). Three members were jointly appointed by the presiding bishop and House of Deputies president “to ensure the cultural and geographic diversity of the church” (Canon I.2.1.c).